Coding Glossary

A methodology for software development that emphasizes iterative progress, collaboration, and flexibility in responding to change.

A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or performing a task.

A widely-used open-source web server software known for its reliability, flexibility, and extensive features.

A value or reference passed to a function or method when it is called.

Symbols used in programming to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/).

Data structures that store a collection of elements, typically of the same data type, in a specific order.

Operators used to assign values to variables, with '=' being the most common example.

A type of programming language that allows for operations to run concurrently, enabling more efficient processing and responsiveness.

A technology that overlays digital information, such as images and sounds, onto the real-world environment through devices like smartphones or AR glasses.

Refers to systems or machines that can perform tasks without human intervention, often using artificial intelligence.

The server-side part of a software application, dealing with database operations, server logic, and integration.

A base-2 numeral system that uses two distinct symbols, typically 0 and 1, to represent values.

Numbers expressed in the binary system, consisting only of 0s and 1s, and used extensively in computing and digital systems.

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary value of either 0 or 1.

A visual programming approach where code is written by manipulating blocks that represent different coding concepts, often used in educational environments to teach programming.

A popular open-source front-end framework for developing responsive and mobile-first websites using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

An error or flaw in software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or to behave in unintended ways.

The process of converting source code into a standalone, executable software product, including compilation and linking.

A unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits, typically representing a single character of text.

A general-purpose programming language that is widely used for system and application software, known for its efficiency and control over system resources.

An extension of the C programming language that includes object-oriented features, widely used in software development for performance-critical applications.

An instruction in a program that executes a function or method, often passing arguments to it.

A naming convention in which the first letter of each word is capitalized except the first word, e.g., 'camelCaseExample'.

A data type in programming that represents a single character, such as a letter, digit, or symbol.

A blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming, encapsulating data for the object and methods to manipulate that data.

A technology that allows for the delivery of computing services, such as servers, storage, and databases, over the internet.

The process of systematically examining source code by one or more developers to find bugs, ensure code quality, and improve software design.

The act of writing instructions in a programming language to create software applications.

Formal languages comprising a set of instructions used to produce various kinds of output, including applications, scripts, and system software.

An instruction given to a computer program to perform a specific task.

A text-based interface used to interact with software and operating systems by typing commands.

The process of converting source code written in a high-level programming language into machine code that a computer's processor can execute.

A set of instructions that a computer executes to achieve a specific objective or perform a specific task.

Programming constructs that execute different actions or computations depending on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false.

A value in programming that does not change during the execution of a program.

Cascading Style Sheets, a language used for describing the presentation and formatting of web pages, including layout, colors, and fonts.

Information processed or stored by a computer, including text, numbers, images, and more.

A way of organizing, managing, and storing data that enables efficient access and modification, such as arrays, linked lists, and trees.

The process of identifying, analyzing, and removing errors or bugs from computer software.

Conditional statements in programming that provide an additional condition to be tested if the previous condition is false.

Programming constructs that execute a block of code if the preceding if or else if conditions are false.

The process of responding to and managing errors in a software application to ensure smooth operation and user experience.

An action or occurrence recognized by software, often triggered by user actions like clicks or key presses, that can be handled by event-driven programming.

A combination of variables, operators, and values that represents a single value or computation in programming.

A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

Control flow statements for specifying iteration, allowing code to be executed repeatedly based on a condition.

A platform for developing software applications, providing a foundation on which developers can build programs for a specific platform.

The part of a software application that interacts directly with the user, typically involving user interface design and user experience.

A software developer skilled in both front-end and back-end development, capable of working on all aspects of an application.

Reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task, taking inputs (arguments) and returning outputs.

A distributed version control system used to track changes in source code during software development.

The practice of embedding fixed values directly into source code instead of obtaining those values from external sources.

Files in C and C++ programming that contain declarations of functions and macros to be shared between multiple source files.

The standard markup language for creating and structuring web pages and web applications.

Conditional statements that execute a block of code if a specified condition evaluates to true.

Operators used to increase (++) or decrease (--) the value of a variable by one.

A feature of object-oriented programming that allows a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class.

Data that is entered into a computer or program for processing.

A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development, including a code editor, debugger, and build automation tools.

A popular, feature-rich Integrated Development Environment (IDE) developed by JetBrains, primarily used for Java development.

A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.

The repetition of a process or set of instructions in a program, typically implemented using loops.

A high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

A lightweight, interpreted programming language known for making web pages interactive and providing online programs, including video games.

A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.

An open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.

A collection of pre-compiled routines that a program can use, providing reusable functions or resources for software development.

A tool that analyzes source code to flag programming errors, bugs, stylistic errors, and suspicious constructs.

An open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel that forms the basis of many operating systems used today.

Programming constructs that repeat a block of code as long as a specified condition is met.

The lowest-level programming language, consisting of binary code that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) can directly execute.

The entry point of a program where execution begins, commonly used in C, C++, and Java programming languages.

A term used to describe code structures placed within similar structures, such as nested loops or nested functions.

A programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code to manipulate that data, promoting modularity and reuse.

Symbols or keywords used in programming to perform operations on variables and values, such as arithmetic, logical, or comparison operations.

The process of making a software application run more efficiently, in terms of speed, memory usage, or other resources.

A popular open-source scripting language especially suited for web development and embedding into HTML.

The smallest unit of a digital image or display, representing a single point in a graphic.

Variables in programming that store memory addresses, typically used in languages like C and C++ for dynamic memory management.

The process of designing and writing computer programs using programming languages.

Formal languages comprising a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output, used to create software programs.

An educational approach in which students learn by actively engaging in real-world and meaningful projects.

A popular integrated development environment (IDE) used for programming in Python, developed by JetBrains.

A high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and versatility, widely used in web development, data science, automation, and more.

The process of ensuring that a software product meets specified requirements and standards through systematic testing and validation.

The process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior, aimed at improving its readability and maintainability.

A dynamic, open-source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity, known for its elegant syntax.

A visual programming language and online community targeted primarily at children and beginners, allowing users to create interactive stories, games, and animations.

Programs or sequences of instructions that are interpreted or executed by another program rather than by the computer processor directly.

A computer system or software application that provides services, resources, or data to other computers, known as clients, over a network.

Simple and Fast Multimedia Library, a cross-platform software development library designed to provide a simple interface to various multimedia components in computers.

The human-readable instructions and statements written by a programmer using a programming language, which is then compiled or interpreted to create executable software.

2D images or animations integrated into a larger scene, commonly used in video games and graphical user interfaces.

A linear data structure that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle, used for storing and managing data in programming.

A single instruction or line of code in a programming language that performs a specific action.

Sequences of characters used to represent text in programming, typically enclosed in quotes.

The set of rules and conventions that define the structure and form of valid statements in a programming language.

A text-based interface for interacting with the operating system, allowing users to execute commands and run programs.

The process of evaluating a software application to identify defects and ensure that it meets specified requirements.

The practice of writing code using text-based programming languages, as opposed to visual or block-based languages.

The process of teaching or learning the skills needed for a specific job or activity, often involving practical experience and instruction.

A popular open-source Linux-based operating system known for its user-friendliness and wide range of software support.

Uniform Resource Locator, a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

The process of enhancing user satisfaction by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with a product.

The design of user interfaces for machines and software with the focus on maximizing usability and the user experience.

A symbolic name associated with a value and whose associated value may be changed in the course of program execution.

A system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that specific versions can be recalled later.

An integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft used for developing applications, websites, web services, and mobile apps.

The work involved in developing a website for the Internet or an intranet, ranging from creating plain text pages to complex web applications.

Control flow statements that allow code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition.

A human-readable data serialization standard that can be used in conjunction with all programming languages and is often used for configuration files.

A software vulnerability that is unknown to those who should be interested in its mitigation (including the vendor of the target software).